Prosecutors Must Use Their Immense Discretion to End the Criminalization of Survivors of Gender-Based Violence Who Act in Self-Defense

Tracy Renee McCarter and Samah Sisay

Volume 26.2 (download PDF)

Abstract

In March 2020, Tracy McCarter defended her life during a domestic violence incident that resulted in the death of her husband. She was arrested and subsequently spent months at Rikers Island during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic after being charged with murder in the second degree by the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office. Tracy McCarter’s case is only one example of how the United States’ criminal legal system deems that certain individuals, particularly Black women, have no claim to self-defense. Discussing Tracy McCarter’s case and other cases of self-defense, this Article provides an overview of the limited applicability of self-defense for survivors of gender-based violence and critiques the level of discretion district attorneys have but often refuse to use in these cases. This Article explores the history of selective applicability of self-defense laws that often particularly fail and exclude Black women who protect themselves against gender-based violence. It argues that: (1) arrest, prosecution, and incarceration cause perpetual trauma and block the healing that survivors of gender-based violence need to rebuild their lives after abuse; and (2) district attorneys can reduce the unjust criminalization of survivors of gender-based violence who act in self-defense by using their discretion to drop charges or refuse to prosecute specific cases.

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Volume 26.1, Footnote Forum

Footnote Forum’s Moderated Conversation With the Authors of The Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act and Criminalized Immigrant Survivors, Assia Serrano and Nathan Yaffe

Assia-Serrano-and-Nathan-Yaffe-Footnote-Forums-Moderated-Conversation-26-CUNY-L.-Rev.-47-2023

Volume 26.1, Footnote Forum

“Inherently Expressive”: BDS Organizing for Palestinian Liberation at CUNY School of Law and Beyond by Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) and the Jewish Law Students Association (JLSA), City University of New York (CUNY) School of Law

BDS-Organizing-for-Palestinian-Liberation-at-CUNY-School-of-Law-and-Beyond-26-CUNY-L.-Rev.-67-2023

Volume 26.1, Footnote Forum

The Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act and Criminalized Immigrant Survivors by Assia Serrano & Nathan Yaffe

Abstract

This piece explores how New York’s Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act (“DVSJA”), a law meant to grant freedom to criminalized survivors, plays out in practice for criminalized immigrant survivors. New York enacted the DVSJA to address the unjust, but common, harsh punishment of survivors for conduct that an abuser compels, coerces, or otherwise causes. When the court grants a survivor DVSJA relief, the material benefit is shortening that survivor’s sentence of incarceration.

However, for criminalized immigrant survivors, the DVSJA’s promise of freedom may amount to little more than a mirage because DVSJA relief does not expunge, vacate, or alter underlying convictions. We situate the DVSJA in its institutional, legal, and policy context: a criminalized survivor’s sentence does not exist in a vacuum. Their sentence is just one part of a broader process of criminalization. This piece fills the gap in the policy discussion, based on the experiences of the first immigrant survivor who was resentenced and released under the DVSJA. In addition to calls for changes in policy and practice, this piece urges New York Governor Kathy Hochul, who has expressed concern for the plight of domestic violence survivors—but largely has not used her clemency power to free criminalized survivors (whether facing deportation or not)—to live up to her stated values through widespread use of the clemency power.

Assia-Serrano-Nathan-Yaffe-The-Domestic-Violence-Survivors-Justice-Act-and-Criminalized-Immigrant-Survivors-26-CUNY-L.-Rev.-F.-24-2023

 

Volume 26.1, Footnote Forum

NYSRPA V. BRUEN AND NEW YORK: A LOST OPPORTUNITY FOR RACIAL EQUITY IN THE POLARIZING GUN CONVERSATION by Zamir Ben-Dan

NYSRPA-V.-BRUEN-AND-NEW-YORK_-A-LOST-OPPORTUNITY-FOR-RACIAL-EQUIT

Volume 25.1 – CUNY Law Review 25th Anniversary Issue

We are excited to announce the publication of the 25th Anniversary Volume of CUNY Law Review, Volume 25.1! The full journal is available at CUNY Academic Works. Please see below for individual articles:

Front Matter

Articles
Restorative Justice in Cases of Sexual Harm
Alexa Sardina and Alissa R. Ackerman

Supreme Confusion About Causality at the Supreme Court
Issa Kohler-Hausmann and Robin Dembroff

Who’s Afraid of Bob Jones? “Fundamental National Public Policy” and Critical Race Theory in a Delicate Democracy
Lynn D. Lu

Notes
Challenging Weapons Deals Between the United States and Israel: Limitations and Prospects
Ryan J. McNamara

Comments
Casting Out from the Inside: Abolishing Felony Disenfranchisement in New York
Elizabeth Neuland

Public Interest Practitioner Section
Elderly, Detained, and Justice-Involved: The Most Incarcerated Generation
Rachael Bedard, Joshua Vaughn, and Angela Silletti Murolo

Footnote Forum
The Impeachment Trials of Donald John Trump: How Senate Jurors Strengthened the Case Against Federal Felon-Juror Exclusion
James M. Binnall

Footnote Forum Podcast
Challenging Reform: A Formerly Incarcerated Student Roundtable Discussion
Colby Williams, Phil Miller, and Jordan Sudol
Listen to the audio recording here

Volume 25.1, Footnote Forum, Part 2

We are pleased to publish Volume 25.1, Footnote Forum, Part 2!

In this installment, we present articles written by two currently incarcerated authors who speak to us from their personal experiences. In The Correctional Institute of Nothing, Frank Pruitt writes about his desire for more holistic treatment opportunities in prison, the lack of which he has witnessed for 30 years. Next, in Why Reforms Are not Enough: Justice and Accountability Reimagined, Felix Sitthivong details how abolitionist ideals are vital to many incarcerated people and how reforms fall short of those ideals.

Footnote Forum will publish Part 3 in February 2022. For Part 1, please click here. The full journal is available at CUNY Academic Works. Please see below for individual articles:

The Correctional Institute of Nothing by Frank Pruitt

Q&A with Frank Pruitt by Frank Pruitt

Why Reforms are Not Enough: Justice and Accountability Reimagined by Felix Sitthivong

Q&A with Felix Sitthivong by Felix Sitthivong

Volume 25.1, Footnote Forum, Part 1

We are excited to publish Volume 25.1, Footnote Forum, Part 1. This installment features David Campbell, a former political prisoner, who discusses what “defunding the police” and “reinvesting in communities” could mean if reinvestment took the form of paying incarcerated workers suitable wages. Professor Steve Zeidman, Director of the Defenders Clinic at CUNY School of Law, writes on the notion of whether prosecutors can actually be progressive.

Footnote Forum exists to challenge our assumptions about legal scholarship. For Volume 25.1, we invite readers to consider the value of lived experiences. What can the lives of those directly impacted by the criminal legal system teach us, especially when they have no access to databases normally used for legal research? Does this perspective provide a fuller understanding of the law, and is that valuable for scholarship?

– Natasha Bynum and Colby Williams, Footnote Forum Editors

Footnote Forum is publishing Parts 2 and 3 in December 2021 and February 2022. The full journal is available at CUNY Academic Works. Please see below for individual articles:

Footnote Forum, Part 1

Editors’ Note by Natasha Bynum and Colby Williams

Virtuous Prosecutors? by Steven Zeidman

Decarceration Means Funding the Incarcerated by David Campbell

Q&A with David Campbell by David Campbell

CORONAVIRUS AID, RELIEF, AND ECONOMIC SECURITY FOR WHOM? IRS OVERREACHES IN DENYING CARES ACT ECONOMIC IMPACT PAYMENTS TO MIGRANT WORKERS AND INCARCERATED INDIVIDUALS

CORONAVIRUS AID, RELIEF, AND ECONOMIC SECURITY FOR WHOM? IRS OVERREACHES IN DENYING CARES ACT ECONOMIC IMPACT PAYMENTS TO MIGRANT WORKERS AND INCARCERATED INDIVIDUALS

By: Justin Schwegel

INTRODUCTION

 Individuals who received advance refunds under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act met the eligibility criteria in their 2019 tax filings (or 2018 filings if they had not yet filed 2019 taxes).[1] Advance refunds are treated as a refund of an overpayment of 2018 or 2019 taxes.[2] Subsequent changes in tax filing status in 2020 do not retroactively make one ineligible for an advance refund.[3] On May 6, the IRS issued guidance on its Economic Impact Payment Information Center website instructing incarcerated individuals and certain resident aliens[4]that they should return the economic impact payments (also called advance refunds or stimulus payments) they received from the IRS.[5] This guidance is not legally binding for two distinct reasons. First, it was issued without conforming to the procedural requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act. Second, the guidance exceeded the IRS’s rulemaking authority because it contradicts unambiguous statutory language.

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Dilley Delegation Staff Interview

Footnote Forum Podcast, a CUNY Law Review Production

Recommended Citation: Footnote Forum Podcast, ​Interview with Dilley Delegation Staff, 23 CUNY L. Rev. F. 40 (2020)

Click here to view a pdf version of this article

INTERVIEW WITH DILLEY DELEGATION STAFF

Part I

Reena Novotnak: You’re listening to Footnote Forum, a production of the law review at City University of New York School of Law. I’m your editor and host, Reena Novotnak, and I’m joined by our guests, two CUNY Law students.

Joanna Lopez: My name is Jo Lopez, I’m a 3L in the full-time program.

Jacklyn Mann: Hi everyone, I’m Jackie Mann, I’m also a 3L here.

Reena Novotnak: This year, on the podcast, we focused on the Freedom of Information Act and Freedom of Information Law, or FOIA and FOIL. Jo and Jackie joined us to talk about their experience with the Dilley Delegation, and the challenges and lack of transparency they faced when preparing their clients for asylum hearings. Right now, you’re listening to part one of two of this interview. In this episode, you’ll also hear the voices of two law review staffers: Maya Kouassi and Cesar Ruiz. But it’s Jo here who’ll start us off.

Joanna Lopez: The Dilley delegation was a year-long effort initiated by three students to bring together other CUNY Law students and law professors to be able to provide much-needed on-the-ground work in Dilley, Texas.[1] In a nutshell, we spent a week at the South Texas Family Residential Center and assisted mothers and their children as they prepared for their credible fear interviews. So, much of the work that was done that week was spending 12 to 14-hour days at the detention center and working with women, and listening to their stories, and finding a way to structure their experiences in a way that was palatable to an asylum officer so that they would receive a positive interview and move forward in the asylum process, and also be released from detention, which is a really crucial part of the work that we were doing.

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