Lelia A. James^*

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Introduction

There is a need for police reform here in the United States. The violent policing of Black men, women, queer, trans, disabled, undocumented, etc. is an example of how Black lives are continuously disvalued. The hashtag #BlackLivesMatter gained mass public awareness after the police killed the unarmed Black men, Michael Brown in Ferguson, MI,^[1] Freddie Gray in Baltimore, MD,^[2] and Eric Garner in Staten Island, NY.^[3] Black Americans are more than twice as likely as white Americans to be killed by police officers.^[4] The #BlackLivesMatter chapter-based organization is creating a movement that aims to put an end to disvaluing Black lives. They have a ten-point plan called “Campaign Zero.”^[5] Campaign Zero is a police reform campaign that recommends policies and proposals different state legislatures should consider and enact.^[6] One of the tools listed to help end violent policing is the use of body cameras on police officers while they are on duty.^[7]

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Nick Bourland *

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Introduction

As Justice Kennedy recently noted, “[d]e jure residential segregation by race was declared unconstitutional almost a century ago, but its vestiges remain today, intertwined with the country’s economic and social life.”^[1] In order to effectively combat the full range of contemporary housing discrimination, including its more evolved forms, such as predatory lending^[2] and discriminatory rezoning plans,^[3] plaintiffs must be able to plead Fair Housing Act (“FHA”) claims under the disparate impact theory.^[4]

After decades of use nationwide, disparate impact was definitively endorsed by the Supreme Court for FHA claims in 2015.^[5] However, the endorsement came with a caveat—a poorly defined “robust causality requirement.”^[6] As detailed below, this heightened causation standard haphazardly blurs the line between disparate impact and disparate treatment, leaving plaintiffs’ well-plead FHA claims in jeopardy of dismissal.

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Matthew T. McDonough†

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Introduction

The U.S. Supreme Court’s March 29, 2016 per curiam decision in Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association means that, for a time, unions have won the battle.^[1] But the question concerning the lawfulness of fair share fees, crucial to the feasibility of collective bargaining, will undoubtedly return to the Court. Spearheaded by the Center for Individual Rights and the National Right to Work Legal Defense Fund, two conservative non-profit law firms,^[2] union opponents are dedicated to stripping public unions of their right to charge non-members for collective bargaining negotiation and other services rendered.^[3] This jeopardizes thousands of collective bargaining agreements across the country and not just those in the public sector.^[4]

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